National Target
National Target 22: Implementation of various conflict settlement processes related to biodiversity
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In managing biodiversity several types of conflicts may be encountered, i.e. conflicts within conservation areas due to non-procedural utilization and the ones between human and wildlife. Conflict and pressure on conservation areas by the community can affect biodiversity management. Land use conflict and pressure, in various forms, still pose a challenge to the management of conservation areas. Conflicts can also occur between local communities and wildlife, such as elephants and tigers, due to limited wildlife habitat. It is imperative to resolve the conflicts in order to enhance the effectiveness of the management of conservation areas. Conservation efforts based on the cultural and spiritual values of conservation; good governance; conflict resolution; collaborative management; and the needs of adat communities and the wider community are expected to make the management of conservation area more effective. Therefore, the implementation of a comprehensive resolution of various conflicts related to biodiversity management is needed. (Ministry of Forestry Regulation P.48 Year 2009 in conjunction with P.53 Year 2014 concerning the amendment of Ministry of Forestry Regulation P.48/Menhut-II/2008 concerning Guidelines for Conflict Management between Humans and Wildlife).
The formulation of National Targets was carried out in a participatory manner through (1) evaluation and mapping of suitability and implementation of the IBSAP 2003-2020; (2) as a whole, formulating action plans and programs for achieving national and global targets by updating data and information regarding the current status of Indonesian biodiversity and key documents such as the National Medium-Term Development Plan 2015-2019 and Government Work Plan in 2015 which are published by five Ministries/Government institutions, i.e. the Ministry of Environment and the Ministry of Forestry (since January 2015, both ministries have merged and became the Ministry of Environment and Forestry), the Ministry of Agriculture, the Ministry of Marine Affairs and Fisheries, and the Indonesian Institute of Sciences (LIPI); and (3) consultations, as the results of identification of national targets along with the action plans and programs, with relevant biodiversity experts, biodiversity managers in Ministries/Agencies, Regional Governments, private sector/biodiversity actors, and civil society organizations through various workshops, seminars, focus group discussions during the period 2013 - 2014 at the national level and some in the regional level (KemenPPN/BAPPENAS, 2016, pp. 17-19).
